Rhodococcus equi or “rattles” is one of the most important causes of pneumonia in foals aged 1 to 6 months, with most foals showing clinical signs before the age of 4 months. It can be treated successfully, the severity of the negative impact upon future athletic performance of affected foals remains controversial.
"Rattles" is the term used to describe what is usually a lung infection in foals aged between three and six months. It is caused by a bacteria, Rhodococcus equi, which is notable for the fact that it does not cause infections in yearlings or older horses, only foals aged between three and six months. The bacteria multiplies in dry soil and faeces during warm, hot and dry months of late spring and summer. Infection occurs when contaminated dust is inhailed. Abcesses form in the foals lungs and if not detected early, the disease can be fatal.
The disease is very common in some regions of Australia, probably because it is widespread in the environment, including the soil. The disease can affect a number of body systems but most commonly causes a pneumonia, with the foals exhibiting a cough, hence the name "the rattles".
Foals with the disease become lethargic and depressed and the mare will often show a distended udder because the foals stop sucking. They will develope a dry cough - not all foals that cough have rattles, however check for an elevated temperature to be on the safe side. Heavy or hard breathing can be present. Once the disease becomes well established, it is difficult to treat effectively . Avoid all stressers where possible.
A scan of the foals lungs will confirm abcesses, this will determin the treatment necessary. The foal should be treated with an oral antibiotic (clarithromycin) provided by your vet after diagnosis. Foal should make a full recovery if treated early enough.
Prevention is always the best cure.
- Keep yards clean - remove droppings.
- Do not overstock yards.
- Minimize dust where possible.
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